BGP（Border Gateway Protocol，边界网关协议）是用来连接Internet上的独立系统的路由选择协议。它是Internet工程任务组制定的一个加强的、完善的、可伸缩的协议。BGP4支持CIDR寻址方案，该方案增加了Internet上的可用IP地址数量。BGP是为取代最初的外部网关协议EGP设计的。它也被认为是一个路径矢量协议。
BGP主要用于互联网AS（自治系统）之间的互联，BGP的最主要功能在于控制路由的传播和选择最好的路由。中国联通 、中国电信、中国铁通和一些大的民营IDC运营商都具有AS号，全国各大网络运营商多数都是通过BGP协议与自身的AS号来实现多线互联的。使用此方案来实现多线路互联，IDC需要在CNNIC(中国互联网信息中心)或APNIC(亚太网络信息中心)申请自己的IP地址段和AS号，然后通过BGP协议将此段IP地址广播到其它的网络运营商的网络中。使用BGP协议互联后，网络运营商的所有骨干路 由设备将会判断到IDC机房IP段的最佳路由，以保证不同网络运营商用户的高速访问。
采用BGP方案来实现双线路互联或多线路互联的机房，我们称为BGP机房。
优点
1、服务器只需要设置一个IP地址，最佳访问路由是由网络上的骨干路由器根据路由跳数与其它技术指标来确定的，不会占用服务器的任何系统资源。服务器的上行路由与下行路由都能选择最优的路径，所以能真正实现高速的单IP高速访问。
2、由于BGP协议本身具有冗余备份、消除环路的特点，所以当IDC服务商有多条BGP互联线路时可以实现路由的相互备份，在一条线路出现故障时路由会自动切换到其它线路。
3、使用BGP协议还可以使网络具有很强的扩展性可以将IDC网络与其他运营商互联，轻松实现单IP多线路，做到所有互联运营商的用户访问都很快。这个是双IP双线无法比拟的。
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